DISEASES CAUSED BY UNCLEAN ENVIRONMENT

The four main diseases influenced by poor environments are diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, various forms of unintentional injuries, and malaria. Measures which could be taken now to reduce this environmental disease burden include the promotion of safe household water storage and better hygienic measures; the use of cleaner and safer fuels; increased safety of the built environment, more judicious use and management of toxic substances in the home and workplace; better water resource management.

Diseases with the largest total annual health burden from environmental factors, in terms of death, illness and disability or Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)¹ are:

1. Diarrhoea: Cause by largely from unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene
2. Lower respiratory infections: Largely from air pollution, indoor and outdoor.
3. Malaria: Largely as a result of poor water resource, housing and land use management which fails to curb vector populations effectively.
4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) -- a slowly progressing disease characterized by a gradual loss of lung function. Largely as a result of exposures to workplace dusts and fumes and other forms of indoor and outdoor air pollution.
5. Perinatal conditions:Most of the same environmentally-triggered diseases also rank as the biggest killers outright -- although they rank somewhat differently in order of lethality. Diseases with the largest absolute number of deaths annually from modifiable environmental factors (these are all parts of the environment amenable to change using available technologies, policies, preventive and public health measure). These diseases include: 

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